Friday, August 27, 2010

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megabiodiversity: the world's most ecologically rich air

Biodiversity is not evenly distributed across the planet. A small group of countries, whose area accounts for 10% of the Earth's surface, home to 70% of all animal and plant species. Brazil, Colombia and China are some of the mega-diverse countries that have joined together to defend their rights and protect all their natural wealth of the growing threats.


The mega is a concept created by the environmental organization Conservation International (CI) to call attention to the focus areas of the globe greater biological wealth and provide the means to protect it. It is estimated that up to 70% of the planet's biodiversity and 45% of world population, which represents the greater cultural diversity, are in 17 countries, an area that occupies 10% the world's total.

Center monitoring of environmental conservation, an agency of the United Nations Programme for Environment (UNEP) has identified 17 mega-diverse countries. The American continent contains the largest number of diverse countries, seven in total (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, United States, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela), followed by Asia, with five (China, Philippines, Indonesia, India and Malaysia), three in Africa (Madagascar, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa) and two in Oceania (Australia and Papua New Guinea).

All these countries have unique characteristics that enable a large number of species, many of them are in the tropics, where conditions are greater biodiversity, landscapes offer a variety of environments, soils and climates, the separation of islands and continents allows the development of endemic floras and faunas , unique to that place, its large size favors a greater ability to host more species, their evolutionary history has developed through the contact of several regions where species are mixed with different origins and domestication of plants and animals indigenous peoples to throughout history has led to a great natural wealth.

The podium of the diverse countries

Brazil the largest number of species of primates, amphibians, butterflies and plants and therefore the most mega-diverse in the world. It is estimated that between 15% and 20% of the world's biodiversity is located in the country carioca. Scientists are aware of 56,215 species of vascular plants, 1,712 birds, 779 amphibians, 630 reptiles and 578 mammals. Its forests cover 42% of the country and comprise more than one third of the world's tropical forests. The Amazon River basin, where these forests are located, is the largest in the world.

Behind Brazil, a diverse group of countries holds a large number of species of all types, although some authors point to Colombia as the second mega-diverse country in the world, with 10% of all species on Earth. The number of known vascular plants amounts to 48,000 (20% of world total), the bird to 1,815, the amphibian 634, and 520 of reptiles and mammals, at 456. In Colombia, seven times smaller than Brazil, joined as varied as moorland ecosystems, Andean hillsides, tropical forests, wetlands, plains and deserts. 56% of its surface is covered by natural forests.

The vastness of China and its various habitats provide a home to many species, 32,200 varieties of vascular plants, 1,221 birds, 502 mammals, 387 334 reptiles and amphibians. Has more than 4,400 species of vertebrates, more than 10% of the world.

The Asian continent is in Indonesia to one of the greatest exponents of diverse countries. On its surface, covered by 60% by forest, found 29,375 species of vascular plants, 1,604 birds, 667 mammals, 511 reptiles and 300 amphibians. Flagship species such as elephant, tiger, orangutan, rhinoceros or leopard live in this country but are in danger of extinction.

Mexico is another large diverse countries in the world. Its territory is home to 23,424 species of vascular plants, 1,107 birds, 804 of reptiles, 535 mammals and 361 amphibians. Defender

megadiversity

habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species, deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources, illegal hunting and trafficking of species, urban growth, infrastructure development without adequate environmental impact assessment and pollution are some of the threats that endanger the rich biodiversity of these countries. Likewise, most biodiversity hotspots (hotspots), areas where there are a lot of species but with an endangered habitat, are located in these countries.

To try to address these threats and conserve its rich biological variety, was established in 2002 in Mexico Group LMMC. It is currently composed of Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Venezuela.

makers of these countries signed the Declaration of Cancun, a consultation and cooperation agreement to promote conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of his targets are unprecedented in the area of \u200b\u200bnature conservation. Among them, Establishing the decision to negotiate access arrangements and trade of natural resources in a manner similar to that of oil-exporting countries. Moreover, it reveals the need to promote an international system that protects the equitable distribution of benefits from biological diversity, or to combat misappropriation of genetic resources.

How to locate the mega

Quantification of mega is estimated by various indicators, as explained by the Peruvian expert and associate professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona Nikita Shardin. The methods are varied: you can choose one hectare of natural forest random detect the number of species and compare them to another country. It is also possible by sampling in a particular area to discuss how many species there. The number of crop varieties is another interesting indicator: in the Andes farmers have been working with over 200 different types of potatoes.

Source: http://www.consumer.es/web/es/medio_ambiente/naturaleza/2010/08/26/195265.php

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electricity does the energy of the future?

seems impossible, but scientists say is in the early stages of development of devices that can capture the electricity in the air.


The concept is simple, like solar panels convert light into electricity, these devices would capture the electric charge of air that serve to recharge the batteries of an electric car or a home supply.

all have some idea of \u200b\u200bthe amount of electricity that is charged and discharged into the atmosphere, without our knowledge. Or the amount of energy generated during storms and we are not able to capture or seize.

According to a report in the 240 Congress of the American Chemical Association (ACS), would a proposal to capture the electricity of the air above these appalling forms of light that appear in thunderstorms.

Chasing the dream of inventor Nikola Tesla, a research team from the University of Campinas (Brazil), directed by Professor Fernando Galembeck has shown that water droplets suspended in the atmosphere (neutral in nature) are capable of electrically charged when coming into contact with dust particles or other liquids loaded.

Researchers have conducted laboratory experiments which simulated the contact of water with dust particles in the air, using small particles of silica and aluminum phosphate, common substances in the air.

showed that the negatively charged silica presence of moisture, while the aluminum phosphate is positively charged. In other words, the water in the atmosphere electric charges could be exchanged with other airborne particles. The researchers call this phenomenon 'higroelectricidad' (lay, electricity from moisture).

Galembeck says that this discovery will lead other researchers to capture the power of the environment 'higroeléctrico' and direct it to meet human needs. His team is researching different materials to see which have greater potential to trap and conduct the electricity. This process may be appropriate for coastal and tropical zones.

Will we get to see any of this? We may not, but perhaps not much later. For scientists it is not a new idea.

Source: http://www.ison21.es

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The Marine Kettle drinking water becomes Public Sector

The Sea Kettle, an American invention of Kim Hoffman, has been selected for the James Dyson Award contest in October awarded $ 15,000 to the winner. The Marine Kettle is capable of converting sea water into fresh water. Installed on a raft and thanks to a manual pump seawater hosts in a warehouse roof. The sun's heat causes water to evaporate to be captured and collected in containers inside the walls of the raft. Once the drops of condensed water flowing into the pockets of the raft through four areas, using a tube can be consumed from inside the boat, which seats five people. The system can provide three liters of fresh water a day.
graduate student at the Academy of Art University of San Francisco, Kim Hoffman has sailed since childhood and always believed that the sailors should be able to obtain their own drinking water in an emergency. Has finally achieved a system that also could have wide applications in different coastal areas of the world where people lack sufficient drinking water. "I love creating concepts and products that have a real impact in the lives of people and the world, without compromising the environment," says Hoffman.

James Dyson Award The competition challenges industrial designers worldwide to create devices that solve problems or deficiencies. In this edition, 18 countries have submitted nominations. The winner will receive the award twice: $ 15,000 for the designer and another 15,000 for college that has supported him. Ultraviolet sterilizer bottle
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Among other inventions presented highlights a portable bottle filtration and ultraviolet sterilization water created by a Brit who has traveled in Africa and has been in first person the lack of drinking water. The bottle has an outer chamber is filled with dirty water from any lake, stream or pond. It then passes through a filter for particles down to 4 microns in size. Once clear, the water is sterilized for 90 seconds using an ultraviolet bulb that works giving string. In two minutes, the water is ready to drink anywhere in the world, free of 99.9% of bacteria and viruses without the unpleasant taste left by chlorine or iodine tablets, which also takes 30 minutes to do their job cleaning.

Source: http://www.ecogaia.com

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salt must use biodegradable bags to promote environmental care

009-2009
DS Changing Environment Ministry on eco-efficiency measures for the public sector, promotes use of plastics, paper and cardboard recycled to save resources and minimize waste generation



country's public companies will now give an example of eco-efficiency and resource savings, as well as proper management of their waste in support of sustainable development, thanks to the amending of the Supreme Decree 009-2009-MINAM that requires public sector entities compulsory purchase and use biodegradable plastic bags to minimize waste generation.

The DS 011-2010-MINAM amending the DS 009-2009-MINAM, was issued by the Head of State, Alan García Pérez, in the framework of Eco-efficiency measures approved by the Executive.

"This standard is positive because it will promote eco-efficiency among public sector enterprises. It is a measure that supports companies that contribute to reducing the environmental impact of its various sectors, announced Environment Minister Antonio Brack Egg.


public sector entities, said the rule, it should be used plastics, paper, paperboard, with a percentage recycled material. This percentage will be determined by the Ministry of Environment by ministerial resolution no later than 30 calendar days from the effective date of the Presidential Decree promulgated.

The Eco-Efficiency in the Public Sector is aimed at public institutions with the aim of fostering a new culture of efficient use of energy resources, paper, water and logistic resources to generate significant savings to the state, in addition to encouraging workers who are the main consumers of these services, environmentally responsible use in order to achieve the least impact on the environment. The need to generate these savings is based on the goals of reduction of current expenditure adjustments in the budget and improving management of public investment on strategic issues.

Source: http://www.minam.gob.pe

Thursday, August 26, 2010

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Lula, highlights clean energy production in Brazil

President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva said today that Brazil is aware of the need to produce clean energy, preserve the environment and not undermine the stocks with the construction of hydroelectric

This problem is resolved in the best way for the construction of the Santo Antonio hydroelectric and Jirau in the state of Rondonia, Lula said in his regular Monday radio show Coffee with President, commenting on his visit to the works cited on Friday past.

In the building of these plants is preserving the environment, ensuring the maintenance and preservation of fish, taking care of forests, the Brazilian president said.

Lula stressed that these are the largest hydropower construction in the country, since produce three thousand 400 megawatts (San Antonio) and three thousand 200 megawatts (Jirau) and between the two will employ about 25 thousand people in the region.

indicated that it is calling a workforce that did not exist, because Brazil had failed to invest in large infrastructure projects, especially in the energy field.

Exemplified than in the San Antonio visited the installation of two turbines, which may herald the beginning of energy production at the plant in 2011, while that of Jarau you can do in March 2012.

Lula called extraordinary these events, because the works were completed in record time worldwide.

"I am proud because we are leveraging our water potential. Few countries in the world have the potential for Brazil to produce electricity from water," said the Brazilian president.

Source: Prensa Latina

Wednesday, August 25, 2010

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generation of climate change. An approach from the approach of chaos

Author: Manuel Guzman Hennessey


Publisher: Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá, Colombia)
Middle Decanatura University
Bolivarian University (Chile)
ISBN: 9789587381054
Number of pages: 387

Review: This is an essential book for understanding the role must comply with the new generation global climate change. Humanity is faced with a dilemma historical significance such as has not been another throughout human history, or is resigned to decline as a civilization, or exceeds the environmental crisis that threatens, not the Earth, but to the same civilization.

The author argues it is a generational challenge and the solution is not in the short term and in international negotiations, but the possibility of founding a new culture. Manuel Guzman Hennessey structure your essay from the borders of the new science, but his thought embodies the kind of humanism that he understood the need for blending science with art. Thus, it is a test innovative, bold, controversial, but mostly instigator of a changing approach to the problem. Incorporate analysis of post-modern civilization: the consumer outrage and his addiction to electricity; interpret the theory of chaos order cycles as a self-organizing ability of the new culture, change the sustainable basis and to replace the Kyoto Protocol by genuine agreement among nations, representing individuals and societies, from a new logic, that emphasizes the human factor on the economy. That is the main axes of this work.

Monday, August 23, 2010

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Rana 18 mm at the border of Ecuador and Colombia


Ecuadorian Museum of Natural Sciences, reported the discovery of this species of frog of only 18 mm, in the border area of \u200b\u200bColombia and Ecuador, through the work of a group of biologists from both countries that were surprised by the large population of this species and its very special appearance as the skin of this animal is attached to bones of his head and vertebrae, allowing you to see the shape of their bones.

The species, named "Osornophryne cofanorum" after the environmental work of the Cofan indigenous communities, is characterized by green or blue color with some warts, the female is slightly larger because it must carry large numbers of eggs in the body, as I say the biologist Mario Yanés for various media.

The high number of frogs found help rule that are in danger of extinction, but to concentrate on this single site began to request that the area is protected. The novelty of the species is supported by the publication Papers of Zoology at the University of San Pablo, which took several months of study by checking that it is indeed a previously unknown species.

Source: ECOticias.com

Wednesday, August 18, 2010

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NIGHTS THERE SHOULD NOT NEVER END

How can we forget those eyes and smile that I belong? How to tell the heart to stop feeling and my mind not imagine? How to tell if it was trying to do what I did not care but inside I was dying and just wanted to kiss?.


is strange that the platonic love, when you sit in front of him and see that despite the years that makes us know we have no idea of \u200b\u200bthe life of another but at the same time we both know, that knowledge that gives the four years have shared baths in the river, the chairs in the front door and street games. Every year I have always returning hope to see and the first time is nerve even though the family tried to hide. This time it was the best. How two strangers sat face to face to know that our lives had been all these years, our loves, fears, our stories and strange as it sounds, with the confidence that comes of knowing where we came from. I loved my new crush, I wish that night had not ended ever, still I have your leave Andalusia in my ears and blue stuck in my eyes, but again fell from the train station and this time, if I fucked up horrors.

Sunday, August 1, 2010

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OLDER WENCHES

When
in which a woman must choose between anti-cellulite cream and stretch mark cream, that's when she realizes that she is getting older!